Where to find the 4 species of Horseshoe crabs

Carcinoscorpinus rotundicauda Trachypleus gigas Tachypleus tridentatus Carcinoscorpinus rotundicauda Trachypleus gigas Tachypleus tridentatus

Data for background map © ESRI and ArcWorld

Tachypleus tridentatus Back to Top


Know as the “Japanese” horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus is found in the East and South China Seas and is the only species of horseshoe crab found in Japan. It is also considered the largest of the three Asiatic species of horseshoe crabs. In Japan, the species is locally referred to as “kabutogani” and protected as a national treasure. China is believed to have the largest remaining populations of this species. However, the species is under threat from a variety of sources. Rapid industrialization of coastal areas in Japan and China have destroyed vital coastal spawning habitat. Also, millions of horseshoe crabs have been harvested for food, sold live or in tin containers. Crabs are also harvested in China as source of chitin used as an industrial raw material.

Additional information:

  • http://www.saga-ed.go.jp/school/edq10015/kabuto.html
  • http://www.hku.hk/ecology/porcupine/por18/crabs.htm
  • http://www.city.kasaoka.okayama.jp/horseshoe_crab/index.htm
  • http://kankyo.city.fukuoka.jp/eco/data/hozen_e.html

Tachypleus gigas Back to Top


Know as the “Chinese” or “serrated-tail” horseshoe crab, Tachypleus gigas is found in coastal areas from the South China Sea to the Indian subcontinent. This crab has an average length of 35cm and has been found to use the mud flats of mangroves to spawn. However, the species is under threat from a variety of sources. Development along coastal areas has degraded vital spawning habitat and in China the crabs are locally sold and eaten for food.

Additional information:

  • http://www.bhitarkanika.com/spfegh.htm
Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Back to Top

Known as the “Indian” horseshoe crab or “king crab”, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is found in coastal areas from the South China Sea to the Indian subcontinent. This crab has an average length of 30cm and has been found to use the mud flats of mangroves or along rivers to spawn. However, the species is under threat from a variety of sources. Development along coastal areas has degraded vital spawning habitat and in China the crabs are locally sold and eaten for food.

Additional information:

  • http://www.hku.hk/ecology/porcupine/por18/crabs.htm
  • http://www.bhitarkanika.com/spfegh.htm